Anders Behring Breivik (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑn:əʂ ˈbeːrɪŋ ˈbrɛiviːk];[6] born 13 February 1979) is the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks. In a sequential bombing and mass shooting on 22 July 2011, he bombed government buildings in Oslo, resulting in eight deaths, then carried out a mass shooting at a camp of theWorkers' Youth League (AUF) of the Labour Party on the island of Utøya, where he killed 69 people, mostly teenagers.[7][8] He was convicted of mass murder, causing a fatal explosion, and terrorism in August 2012.[9][10]
Breivik described his far-right[11] militant ideology in a compendium of texts entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence, which he distributed electronically on the day of the attacks.[11][12][13][14] In it he lays out his worldview, which includes Islamophobia, support of Zionism[11] and opposition to feminism.[15][16]It regards Islam and "cultural Marxism" as "the enemy", and argues for the violent annihilation of "Eurabia" and multiculturalism, and the deportation of all Muslims from Europe based on the model of the Beneš decrees.[17][18] Breivik wrote that his mainmotive for the atrocities was to market his manifesto.[19] Breivik had been active on several Islamophobic and nationalist blogs, including document.no,[20] and was a regular reader of Gates of Vienna, the Brussels Journal and Jihad Watch.[21]
Two teams of court-appointed psychiatrists examined Breivik prior to his trial; in the first report Breivik was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia,[22] and a second evaluation was commissioned following widespread criticism of the first report.[23] The second psychiatric evaluation was published one week before the trial, concluding that Breivik was not psychotic during the attacks nor during the evaluation;[24] he was diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.[25] His trial began on 16 April 2012, and closing arguments were held on 22 June.[26]
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